Method of and system for automatically switching between free directory assistance service and chargeable directory assistance service

ABSTRACT

A method of redirecting a directory-assistance call includes receiving a directory-assistance request from a caller, determining via a free directory-assistance service whether information corresponding to the directory-assistance request is available, responsive to a determination that the information is available, presenting, to the caller, the information free of charge to the caller and, responsive to a determination that the information is not available, redirecting the directory-assistance call to a chargeable directory-assistance service.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application claims priority from, and incorporates byreference the entire disclosure of, U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 60/983,897, filed Oct. 30, 2007. This patent applicationincorporates by reference the entire disclosure of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/862,995, filed on Sep. 27, 2007.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates in general to the field of directoryassistance and, in particular, to automatically redirecting adirectory-assistance call between a free directory-assistance serviceand a chargeable directory-assistance service.

2. History Of Related Art

Directory assistance has existed virtually since the onset of the publicswitched telephone system. As telephone networks grew in complexity,increased demand for directory-assistance followed and automation becamenecessary to control costs associated with providing listing informationto callers. Many of these services are automated and implemented throughautomated prompting and speech recognition systems known in the art.Hardware and software are typically utilized to recognize names andnumbers spoken by a requesting caller.

For example, in a typical free directory assistance call in the UnitedStates, a caller dials a specific phone number such as, for example,1-800-CALLERS for a local exchange area and receives a pre-recordedprompt “Directory assistance: For what city please;” once the city isvoiced, there is a prompt: “For what listing;” and in response to theprompt and depending on a response the caller gives, a desired telephonenumber is announced through a speech-synthesized announcement. However,if the desired telephone number is unlisted or if the caller's responseis not recognized by the automated prompting and speech recognitionsystem, the directory assistance system so informs the caller. Thecaller is required to hang up without being able to obtain the desiredtelephone number of the listing and must dial a separate number fordirectory assistance.

The caller is often forced to use other directory-assistance means suchas, for example, a directory-assistance service that allows the callerto call a directory-assistance operator and request a telephone numberof a listing. The directory-assistance operators manually find listingsaccording to a caller's request. If the requested telephone number islisted, the directory-assistance operator communicates the telephonenumber of the listing to the caller. Most directory assistance servicesusing a live directory-assistance operator currently charge for thelookup of names, addresses and telephone numbers. This can be costly andmany customers find such directory-assistance charges to be excessive.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A method of redirecting a directory-assistance call. The method includesreceiving a directory-assistance request from a caller, determining viaa free directory-assistance service whether information corresponding tothe directory-assistance request is available, and responsive to adetermination that the information is available, presenting, to thecaller, the information free of charge to the caller. The method furtherincludes redirecting the directory-assistance call to a chargeabledirectory-assistance service responsive to a determination that theinformation is not available.

An article of manufacture for redirecting a directory-assistance call.The article of manufacture includes at least one computer readablemedium and processor instructions contained on the at least one computerreadable medium. The processor instructions configured to be readablefrom the at least one computer readable medium by at least one processorand thereby cause the at least one processor to operate as to performthe steps of receiving a directory-assistance request from a caller,determining via a free directory-assistance service whether informationcorresponding to the directory-assistance request is available,responsive to a determination that the information is available,presenting, to the caller, the information free of charge to the caller,and responsive to a determination that the information is not available,redirecting the directory-assistance call to a chargeabledirectory-assistance service.

A directory-assistance call redirecting system. The system includes afree directory-assistance system adapted to determine whetherinformation corresponding to a directory-assistance request is availableand present, to the caller, the information free of charge to the callerresponsive to a determination that the information is available. Thesystem further includes a chargeable operator directory-assistancesystem interoperably coupled to the free directory-assistance system andadapted to present, to the caller, the information responsive to adetermination by the free directory-assistance system that theinformation is not available.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of the method and system of the presentinvention may be obtained by reference to the following DetailedDescription when taken in conjunction with the accompanying Drawingswherein:

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a firstdirectory-assistance-based redirecting system;

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating a seconddirectory-assistance-based redirecting system;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a free directory-assistancesystem;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a chargeable operator-servicesystem;

FIGS. 4A-B illustrate a flow diagram of a directory-assistance-basedredirecting process;

FIGS. 5A-B illustrate a flow diagram of a directory-assistance-basedredirecting process; and

FIGS. 6A-B illustrate a flow diagram of a directory-assistance-basedredirecting process.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Various embodiments of the present invention will now be described morefully with reference to the accompanying drawings. The invention may,however, be embodied in many different forms and should not beconstructed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, theembodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough andcomplete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to thoseskilled in the art.

FIG. 1 A shows a block diagram of a directory-assistance basedredirecting system 100. A public switched telephone network (PSTN) 110provides callers associated with communication devices 102, 104, 106,108 access to a free directory-assistance system (DAS) 112 and achargeable operator service system (OSS) 114. The communication devices102, 104, 106, 108 may be, for example, wireline telephones, wirelesstelephones, personal computers, and the like. Although described inconjunction with the PSTN 110, concepts of the invention are equallyapplicable to wireless or internet telephony directory-assistance. Thefree DAS 112 is connected to the chargeable OSS 114 via a data link 116.Callers 102, 104, 106, 108 typically are connected to the free DAS 112via a telephony interface (shown in FIG. 2).

When a caller associated with a communications device 102, 104, 106, 108places a call requesting directory assistance, the telephony interface(shown in FIG. 2) routes the call to appropriate circuitry within thefree DAS 112. The directory-assistance call may be, for example, a callmade to determine a listing. In a typical embodiment, the listing maybe, for example, a specific wireline or wireless telephone number and/oraddress of a residence or business. The directory-assistance call maycome from, for example, a wireline telephone, a wireless (cellular)telephone, a VOIP (Internet) telephone, a Satellite telephone, or apersonal computer. For example, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 may reachthe free DAS 112 by dialing a specific phone number such as, forexample, 1-800-CALLERS. After a connection to the free DAS 112 has beenestablished, the free DAS 112 typically provides marketing informationsuch as, for example, at least one advertisement to the caller 102, 104,106, 108. The at least one advertisement may be, for example, a recordedannouncement of an audible or visual nature. The at least oneadvertisement presented to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is oftenselected randomly from a plurality of advertisements stored atadvertisement servers 226 and 228 (shown in FIG. 2) of the free DAS 112.

Typically, after the at least one advertisement is presented to thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108, the free DAS 112 gathers information from thedirectory-assistance call. The information gathered may be, for example,listing information, caller name, caller phone number, caller location,type of directory assistance required, and any other pertinentinformation related to the call or the caller 102, 104, 106, 108. In atypical embodiment, at least some of the gathered information may bedetermined via a variety of means such as, for example, caller ID,calling number area code and exchange code, wireless phone encodedlocation, and the like.

In order to gather information from the directory-assistance call, thefree DAS 112 typically forwards to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108, apre-recorded prompt such as “Directory assistance: For what cityplease?” once the city is voiced by the caller 102, 104, 106, 108, thereis a prompt such as: “For what listing?” In response to the prompt anddepending on the response of the caller 102, 104, 106, 108, the free DAS112 searches a database within the free DAS 112 for the telephone numberof the listing request. If the desired telephone number is recognized bythe free DAS 112, the telephone number is announced through a speechsynthesized announcement of the free DAS 112 to the caller 102, 104,106, 108. Prior to announcing the number to the caller 102, 104, 106,108, the free DAS 112 often provides additional marketing informationsuch as, for example, at least one advertisement to the caller 102, 104,106, 108. The at least one advertisement may be, for example, a recordedannouncement of an audible or visual nature. The advertisementspresented to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 may be selected in anintelligent manner from a plurality of advertisements by assessing acaller's profile at the free DAS 112. For example, if the caller 102,104, 106, 108 places a call to the free DAS 112 and is interested inobtaining the telephone number for a pizza restaurant, an advertisementfor pizza specials in the caller's locality will likely have a muchhigher impact on the caller and be received with a much higher level ofinterest than by someone who is merely watching the evening news and ispresented a televised advertisement for a pizza restaurant. Theintelligent marketing is achieved by accessing the profile for thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 stored at the free DAS 112. The advertisementsmay be presented to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 via, for example, arecorded announcement, a text message, an e-mail message, an SMSmessage, or any other suitable means.

However, if the desired telephone number corresponding to the listingrequest is unlisted or if the caller's response is not recognized by theautomated prompting and speech recognition system of the free DAS 112,the free DAS 112 informs the caller that the listing request is notrecognized or the desired telephone number corresponding to the listingrequest is unavailable. The free DAS 112 is automated and typically doesnot employ the services of live directory-assistance operators to handlethe listing, for example, if the desired telephone number is unlisted orif the caller's response is not recognized by the automated promptingand speech recognition system of the free DAS 112. In a typical system,the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 hangs up without being able to obtain thedesired telephone number of the listing and must dial a separate numberto obtain further directory assistance.

In a typical embodiment, if the free DAS 112 is unable to provide thedesired telephone number or other predefined requested information ofthe listing request to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108, the free DAS 112provides a pre-recorded prompt to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 such as,for example, “Would you like to be transferred to a chargeable directoryassistance system?” If the caller's response is negative, the free DAS112 terminates the call. However, if the caller's response is positive,the free DAS 112 automatically redirects the directory-assistance callto a chargeable directory-assistance service such as, for example, thechargeable operator service system (OSS) 114. The chargeable OSS 114 maybe, for example, a directory-assistance service utilizing livedirectory-assistance operators. In a typical embodiment, thedirectory-assistance call may be redirected between the free DAS 112 andthe chargeable OSS 114 via, for example, a release link transfer method.The information gathered by the free DAS 112 is processed within thefree DAS 112 and forwarded to the chargeable OSS 114 via the data link116. The data transmission between the free DAS 112 and the chargeableOSS 114 typically occurs in real-time or near real-time.

FIG. 1B shows a block diagram of a second directory-assistance basedredirecting system 100. As shown, in this embodiment, the chargeable OSS114 is integrated into the free DAS 112 of the directory-assistancebased redirecting system 100.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the free directory-assistance system (DAS)112. The free DAS 112 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 202having memory 204 with software 206 to control operation of the free DAS112. The CPU 202 is typically associated with a network interface 210for communication over, for example, a packet-switched network withsystems such as, for example, the chargeable OSS 114. The free DAS 112further includes a telephony interface 208, which may be, for example, aswitch. The telephony interface 208 is adapted to interact with thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 over a telephonic connection. The CPU 202 mayinclude or be associated with necessary hardware and software to providegreetings to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108, ask the caller 102, 104,106, 108 for desired listings and locality, and store and forward thecaller's response. The CPU 202 and the software 206 are configured tofacilitate free directory-assistance operations by interacting withcomponents within the free DAS 112.

The free DAS 112 further includes call screening circuitry (CSC) 216 anda voice feature node (VFN) 214. The CSC 216 includes at least one server218 and at least one database 220. The CSC 216 is adapted to determineattributes of a call. In various embodiments, the database 220 may beimplemented using, for example, Oracle™, MS Access™ databases, MS SQL,IBM DB2,and the like. For exemplary purposes, only one server 218 andone database 220 are shown; however, any number of servers and databasesmay be present within the CSC 216 as needed. The call attributes mayinclude, for example, telephone number of the caller, name of thecaller, location of the caller, time of the directory-assistance call,and the like.

The VFN 214 includes a plurality of servers 222, 224. The VFN 214receives the call attributes from the CSC 216 and prompts the caller102, 104, 106, 108 for the listing request. The VFN 214 recognizes thelisting request from the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 using, for example, aspeech recognition system 224. The speech recognition system 224recognizes and interprets spoken language from caller 102, 104, 106,108. In a typical embodiment, the speech recognition system 224 may beimplemented as a server running the WINDOWS XP operating system fromMicrosoft Corporation or other suitable operating systems such as, forexample, Unix, Linux, and the like. The speech recognition system 224may also include special hardware, as known in the art, for assisting inrecognizing speech patterns. The speech recognition system 224 may alsoexecute one or more programs specifically designed to implement variousfunctions of embodiments of the present invention. Such programs may bewritten in any standard programming language such as, for example, C orC++.

The free DAS system 112 includes caller-profile circuitry (CPC) 230. TheCPC 230 includes at least one server 240 and at least one database 242.The at least one database 242 is adapted to store profiles for eachcaller 102, 104, 106, 108. The profiles and historical recordsassociated with the callers are updated every time the caller 102, 104,106, 108 places a call requesting directory-assistance. The profileshelp the free DAS 112 determine what a particular caller 102, 104, 106,108 is interested in and which advertisement(s) to present to the caller102, 104, 106, 108. By better assessment of what a particular caller102, 104, 106, 108 is interested in at the moment, thedirectory-assistance-based redirecting system 100 targets the caller'sscope of interest with advertisements. In various embodiments, thedatabase 242 may be implemented using, for example, Oracle™, MS Access™databases, MS SQL, IBM DB2, and the like. For exemplary purposes, onlyone server 240 and one database 242 are shown; however, any number ofservers and databases may be present within the CPC 230 as needed.

The free DAS 112 further includes a plurality of advertisement servers226, 228. The advertisement servers 226, 228 store a plurality ofadvertisements that may be presented to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108.For example, the advertisements to be presented to the caller 102, 104,106, 108 may be selected by reviewing the caller's profile at the CPC230 and the listing request identified by the VFN 214. In someembodiments, the types of advertisements to be presented are controlledto a highly specific degree. For example, if a caller 102, 104, 106, 108places a call to the free DAS 112 and is interested in obtaining thenumber for a pizza restaurant, a plurality of advertisements for pizzaspecials in the caller's locality may be presented.

The free DAS 112 further includes an operator service system (OSS)interface 244 adapted to communicate with the chargeable OSS 114 andautomatically redirect a directory-assistance call between the free DAS112 to a chargeable directory assistance service such, for example, thechargeable OSS 114. In a typical embodiment, if the free DAS 112 isunable to provide the telephone number or other predefined requestedinformation of the listing request to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108, thefree DAS 112 presents a pre-recorded prompt to the caller 102, 104, 106,108 such as “Would you like to be transferred to a chargeable directoryassistance system?” If the caller's response is negative, the free DAS112 terminates the call. However, if the caller's response is positive,the free DAS 112 automatically redirects, via the OSS interface 244, thedirectory-assistance call to the chargeable OSS 114. In a typicalembodiment, the directory-assistance call may be redirected between thefree DAS 112 and the chargeable OSS 114 via, for example, a release linktransfer method. The chargeable OSS 114 may be, for example, a directoryassistance service utilizing live directory-assistance operators. Theinformation gathered by the free DAS 112 is processed within the freeDAS 112 and forwarded to the chargeable OSS 114 via the data link 116.In a typical embodiment, the data transmission between the free DAS 112and the chargeable OSS 114 typically occurs in real-time or nearreal-time.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the chargeable operator service system(OSS) 114. The chargeable OSS 114 includes a switching and signalingcomponent 302, which may include, for example, a switch. The switchingand signaling component 302 is provided to interact with the caller 102,104, 106, 108 over a telephonic connection. The switching and signalingcomponent 302 is further adapted to communicate over, for example, apacket-switched network with systems such as, for example, the free DAS112. The chargeable OSS 114 also includes automation circuitry 303. Theautomation circuitry 303 includes a plurality of servers 304, 305. Theautomation circuitry 303 is adapted to automate the transferreddirectory-assistance call and prompt the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 forthe listing request. The automation circuitry 303 recognizes the listingrequest from the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 using, for example, a speechrecognition system 305. The speech recognition system 305 recognizes andinterprets spoken language from caller 102, 104, 106, 108. In a typicalembodiment, the speech recognition system 305 may be implemented as aserver running the WINDOWS XP operating system from MicrosoftCorporation or other suitable operating systems such as, for example,Unix, Linux, and the like. The speech recognition system 305 may alsoinclude special hardware, as known in the art, for assisting inrecognizing speech patterns. The speech recognition system 305 may alsoexecute one or more programs specifically designed to implement variousfunctions of embodiments of the present invention. Such programs may bewritten in any standard programming language such as, for example, C orC++.

The automation circuitry 303 is further adapted to determine ifautomated directory assistance is appropriate for the transferreddirectory-assistance call or whether the transferred directoryassistance call should be handled by a directory-assistance operator306. The directory-assistance operator 306 is typically a live humanoperator assigned to the call. When the telephone number correspondingto the listing request is determined, the directory-assistance call istransferred to an information delivery component 308. The informationdelivery component 308 is adapted to provide the telephone numbercorresponding to the listing request to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108.

The chargeable OSS 114 also includes a caller data circuitry (CDC) 310.The CDC 310 includes at least one server 314 and at least one database316. The at least one database 316 is adapted to store profiles andpreferences for each caller 102, 104, 106, 108. The profiles andpreferences associated with the callers 102, 104, 106, 108 are updatedevery time the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 places a call requestingdirectory-assistance. The preferences may be, for example, permissiongranted by the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 to automatically redirect adirectory-assistance call between the free DAS 112 and the chargeableOSS 114 without permission from the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 every timethe free DAS 112 is unable to recognize the listing request. In variousembodiments, the database 316 may be implemented using, for example,Oracle™, MS Access™ databases, MS SQL, IBM DB2, and the like. Forexemplary purposes, only one server 314 and one database 316 are shown;however, any number of servers and databases may be present within theCDC 310 as needed. In some embodiments, the profiles and preferences foreach caller 102, 104, 106, 108 may be stored within the free DAS 112.The chargeable OSS 114 further includes a data link 116 forming acommunications path between the free DAS 112 and the chargeable OSS 114.The data link 116 is adapted to pass data between the free DAS 112 andthe chargeable OSS 114 regarding the directory-assistance call.

FIGS. 4A-B illustrate a flow diagram of a directory-assistance basedredirecting process 400. For illustrative purposes, the process 400 willbe described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-3. The process 400 starts atstep 402. At step 404, a caller associated with one of the communicationdevices 102, 104, 106, 108 places a call requesting information to thefree directory-assistance system (DAS) 112. For example, the caller 102,104, 106, 108 may reach the free DAS 112 by dialing a specific phonenumber such as, for example, 1-800-CALLERS. At step 406, the caller 102,104, 106, 108 is connected to the free DAS 112. At step 408, marketinginformation is provided to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108. The marketinginformation may be, for example, at least one advertisement. The atleast one advertisement may be, for example, a recorded announcement ofan audible or visual nature. The at least one advertisement presented tothe caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is often selected randomly from aplurality of advertisements stored, for example, at the advertisementservers 226 and 228.

At step 410, the voice feature node (VFN) 214 prompts the caller 102,104, 106, 108 for a listing request. In some embodiments, the VFN 214utilizes a speech recognition system 224 to recognize the listingrequest from the caller 102, 104, 106, 108. In a typical embodiment, thespeech recognition system 224 may not be integrated into the VFN 214. Inother embodiments, the speech recognition system 224 may be integratedinto the VFN 214. The speech recognition system 224 recognizes andinterprets spoken language from the caller 102, 104, 106, 108. At step411, a response from the caller is received. At step 412, it isdetermined whether the speech recognition system 224 has recognized thelisting request from the caller 102, 104, 106, 108.

If it is determined at step 412 that the speech recognition system 224has recognized the listing request, the process 400 proceeds to step413. At step 413, it is determined if a listing corresponding to thelisting request is available. If it is determined at step 413 that thelisting corresponding to the listing request is available, the process400 proceeds to step 414. In a typical embodiment, the listing may be,for example, a specific wireline or wireless telephone number and/oraddress of a residence or business. At step 414, the listingcorresponding to the listing request is stored. At step 416, the VFN 214launches a query to the advertisement servers 226, 228 to select atleast one advertisement most relevant to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108by accessing a profile of the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 stored withinthe at least one database 242. At step 418, at least one advertisementmost relevant to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is selected in order tobe presented to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108. The advertisement servers226, 228 store a plurality of advertisements that may be presented tothe caller 102, 104, 106, 108. The type of advertisements can becontrolled to a highly specific degree. For example, if a caller 102,104, 106, 108 places a call to the free DAS 112 and is interested inobtaining the number for a pizza restaurant, a plurality ofadvertisement for pizza specials in the caller's locality may bepresented.

At step 420, the at least one selected advertisement is presented to thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 along with the listing. In some embodiments,the listing may be presented to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 via, forexample, a recorded announcement, a text message, an e-mail message, orany other suitable means. At step 422, it is determined if the caller102, 104, 106, 108 has selected the at least one advertisement presentedto the caller 102, 104, 106, 108.

If it is determined at step 422 that the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 hasnot selected at least one of the at least one advertisement, the process400 proceeds to step 426. At step 426, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 isconnected to the initially requested number. However, if it isdetermined at step 422 that the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 has selectedat least one of the at least one advertisement presented, the caller102, 104, 106, 108 is connected at step 424, for example, to thebusiness running the at least one selected advertisement. The process400 proceeds from steps 424 and 426 to step 428. At step 428, the callerprofile is updated and the process ends at step 442.

If it is determined at step 412 that the speech recognition system 224has failed to recognize the listing request, the process 400 proceeds tostep 430. The process 400 proceeds from step 430 to step 431. If it isdetermined at step 413 that the listing corresponding to the listingrequest is unavailable, the process 400 proceeds to step 430. At step430, the listing corresponding to the listing request is deemed to havefailed. In a typical embodiment, the listing request failure may be, forexample, due to the speech recognition system 224 having failed torecognize the listing request and/or the listing being unavailable.

At step 431, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is informed that the listingrequest has failed. At step 432, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is askedwhether the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is interested in being transferredto a chargeable operator service system (OSS) 114. At step 433, it isdetermined whether the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 has opted to betransferred to the chargeable OSS 114. If it is determined at step 433that the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 has not opted to be transferred tothe chargeable OSS 114, the process 400 ends at step 442. However, if itis determined at step 433 that the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 has optedto be transferred to the chargeable OSS 114, the process 400 proceeds tostep 434.

In a typical embodiment, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 may opt ordecline transfer to the chargeable OSS 114 via, for example, keying aknown DTMF sequence of digits, saying a key-word, answering to a prompt,or any other suitable means.

At step 434, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is connected to thechargeable OSS 114. At step 436, a live directory-assistance operatordetermines the listing corresponding to the listing request. At step438, the listing corresponding to the listing request is presented tothe caller 102, 104, 106, 108 and the process 400 proceeds to step 440.At step 440, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is charged a fee for usingthe chargeable OSS 114. In a typical embodiment, the charges forutilizing the chargeable OSS 114 are initiated by the telecommunicationsnetwork at a standard billing rate. According to some embodiments, thedirectory-assistance based redirecting system 100 rather than thetelecommunications network generates a billing record or debits acaller's account to charge for the directory-assistance call.

From step 440, the process 400 proceeds to step 426, at which step thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 is connected to a number corresponding to thelisting request. The process 400 proceeds from step 426 to step 428. Atstep 428, the caller profile is updated and the process ends at step442.

FIGS. 5A-B illustrate a flow diagram of a directory-assistance basedredirecting process 500. For illustrative purposes, the process 500 willbe described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-3. The process 500 starts atstep 502. At step 504, a caller associated with one of the communicationdevices 102, 104, 106, 108 places a call requesting information to thefree directory-assistance system (DAS) 112. For example, the caller 102,104, 106, 108 may reach the free DAS 112 by dialing a specific phonenumber such as, for example, 1-800-CALLERS. At step 506, the caller 102,104, 106, 108 is connected to the free DAS 112. At step 508, marketinginformation is provided to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108. The marketinginformation may be, for example, at least one advertisement. The atleast one advertisement may be, for example, a recorded announcement ofan audible or visual nature. The at least one advertisement presented tothe caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is often selected randomly from aplurality of advertisements stored at the advertisement servers 226 and228.

At step 510, the voice feature node (VFN) 214 prompts the caller 102,104, 106, 108 for a listing request. In some embodiments, the VFN 214utilizes a speech recognition system 224 to recognize the listingrequest from the caller 102, 104, 106, 108. The speech recognitionsystem 224 recognizes and interprets spoken language from the caller102, 104, 106, 108. At step 511, a response from the caller is received.At step 512, it is determined whether the speech recognition system 224has recognized the listing request from the caller 102, 104, 106, 108.

If it is determined at step 512 that the speech recognition system 224has recognized the listing request, the process 500 proceeds to step513. At step 513, it is determined if a listing corresponding to thelisting request is available. If it is determined at step 513 that thelisting corresponding to the listing request is available, the process500 proceeds to step 514. In a typical embodiment, the listing may be,for example, a specific wireline or wireless telephone number and/oraddress of a residence or business. At step 514, the listingcorresponding to the listing request is stored. At step 516, the VFN 214launches a query to the advertisement servers 226, 228 to select atleast one advertisement most relevant to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108by accessing a profile of the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 stored withinthe at least one database 242. At step 518, at least one advertisementmost relevant to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is selected in order tobe presented to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108. The advertisement servers226, 228 store a plurality of advertisements that may be presented tothe caller 102, 104, 106, 108. The type of advertisements can becontrolled to a highly specific degree. For example, if a caller 102,104, 106, 108 places a call to the free DAS 112 and is interested inobtaining the number for a pizza restaurant, a plurality ofadvertisement for pizza specials in the caller's locality may bepresented.

At step 520, the at least one selected advertisement is presented to thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 along with the listing. In some embodiments,the listing may be presented to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 via, forexample, a recorded announcement, a text message, an e-mail message, orany other suitable means. At step 522, it is determined if the caller102, 104, 106, 108 has selected the at least one advertisement presentedto the caller 102, 104, 106, 108.

If it is determined at step 522 that the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 hasnot selected at least one of the at least one advertisement, the process500 proceeds to step 526. At step 526, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 isconnected to the initially requested number. However, if it isdetermined at step 522 that the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 has selectedat least one of the at least one advertisement presented, the caller102, 104, 106, 108 is connected at step 524, for example, to thebusiness running the at least one selected advertisement. The process500 proceeds from steps 524 and 526 to step 528. At step 528, the callerprofile is updated and the process ends at step 546. If it is determinedat step 512 that the speech recognition system 224 has failed torecognize the listing request, the process 500 proceeds to step 530.

If it is determined at step 513 that the listing corresponding to thelisting request is unavailable, the process 500 proceeds to step 530. Atstep 530, it is determined if future preferences for the caller 102,104, 106, 108 exist within the CDC 310 of the chargeable OSS 114. Thepreferences may be, for example, permission granted by the caller 102,104, 106, 108 in a previous directory-assistance call to automaticallyredirect a directory-assistance call between the free DAS 112 and thechargeable OSS 114 without permission from the caller 102, 104, 106, 108every time the free DAS 112 is unable to recognize the listing requestor if the listing corresponding to the listing request is unavailable.If it is determined at step 530 that future preferences for the caller102, 104, 106, 108 exist, the process 500 proceeds to step 538. At step538, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is connected to the chargeable OSS114. At step 540, a live directory-assistance operator determines thelisting corresponding to the listing request. At step 542, the listingcorresponding to the listing request is presented to the caller 102,104, 106, 108 and the process 500 proceeds to step 544. At step 544, thecaller is charged a fee for using the chargeable OSS 114. In a typicalembodiment, the charges for utilizing the chargeable OSS 114 areinitiated by the telecommunications network at a standard billing rate.According to some embodiments, the directory-assistance basedredirecting system 100 rather than the telecommunications networkgenerates a billing record or debits a callers account to charge for thedirectory-assistance call.

From step 544, the process 500 proceeds to step 526, at which step thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 is connected to a number corresponding to thelisting request. The process 500 proceeds from step 526 to step 528. Atstep 528, the caller profile is updated and the process ends at step546.

However, if it is determined at step 530 that future preferences for thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 do not exist, the process 500 proceeds to step531. At step 531, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is asked whether thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 is interested in being transferred to achargeable operator service system (OSS) 114. At step 532, it isdetermined whether the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 has opted to betransferred to the chargeable OSS 114. If it is determined at step 532that the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 has not opted to be transferred tothe chargeable OSS 114, the process 500 ends at step 546. However, if itis determined at step 532 that the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 has optedto be transferred to the chargeable OSS 114, the process 500 proceeds tostep 534.

In a typical embodiment, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 may opt ordecline transfer to the chargeable OSS 114 via, for example, keying aknown DTMF sequence of digits, saying a key-word, answering to a prompt,or any other suitable means.

At step 534, it is determined if the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 has optedto store preferences for the future. The preferences may be, forexample, permission granted by the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 toautomatically redirect a directory-assistance call between the free DAS112 and the chargeable OSS 114 without permission from the caller 102,104, 106, 108 every time the free DAS 112 is unable to recognize thelisting request or the if the listing is unavailable. If it isdetermined at step 534 that the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 givespermission to store preferences for future directory-assistance calls,the process proceed to step 536. At step 536, caller preferences arestored for future directory-assistance calls and the process 500proceeds to step 538. However, if it is determined at step 534 that thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 declines permission to store preferences forfuture directory-assistance calls, the process proceed to step 538.

At step 538, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is connected to thechargeable OSS 114. At step 540, a live directory-assistance operatordetermines the listing corresponding to the listing request. At step542, the listing corresponding to the listing request is presented tothe caller 102, 104, 106, 108 and the process 500 proceeds to step 544.At step 544, the caller is charged a fee for using the chargeable OSS114. In a typical embodiment, the charges for utilizing the chargeableOSS 114 are initiated by the telecommunications network at a standardbilling rate. According to some embodiments, the directory-assistancebased redirecting system 100 rather than the telecommunications networkgenerates a billing record or debits the caller's account to charge forthe directory-assistance call.

From step 544, the process 500 proceeds to step 526, at which step thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 is connected to a number corresponding to thelisting request. The process 500 proceeds from step 526 to step 528. Atstep 528, the caller profile is updated and the process ends at step546.

FIGS. 6A-B illustrate a flow diagram of a directory-assistance basedredirecting process 600. For illustrative purposes, the process 600 willbe described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-3. The process 600 starts atstep 602. At step 604, a caller associated with one of the communicationdevices 102, 104, 106, 108 places a call requesting information to thefree directory-assistance system (DAS) 112. For example, the caller 102,104, 106, 108 may reach the free DAS 112 by dialing a specific phonenumber such as, for example, 1-800-CALLERS. At step 606, the caller 102,104, 106, 108 is connected to the free DAS 112. At step 608, marketinginformation is provided to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108. The marketinginformation may be, for example, at least one advertisement. The atleast one advertisement may be, for example, a recorded announcement ofan aural or visual nature. The at least one advertisement presented tothe caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is often selected randomly from aplurality of advertisements stored at the advertisement servers 226 and228.

At step 610, the voice feature node (VFN) 214 prompts the caller 102,104, 106, 108 for a listing request. In some embodiments, the VFN 214utilizes a speech recognition system 224 to recognize the listingrequest from the caller 102, 104, 106, 108. The speech recognitionsystem 224 recognizes and interprets spoken language from the caller102, 104, 106, 108. At step 611, a response from the caller is received.At step 612, it is determined whether the speech recognition system 224has recognized the listing request from the caller 102, 104, 106, 108.

If it is determined at step 612 that the speech recognition system 224has recognized the listing request, the process 600 proceeds to step613. At step 613, it is determined if a listing corresponding to thelisting request is available. If it is determined at step 613 that thelisting corresponding to the listing request is available, the process600 proceeds to step 614. In a typical embodiment, the listing may be,for example, a specific wireline or wireless telephone number and/oraddress of a residence or business. At step 614, the listingcorresponding to the listing request is stored. At step 616, the VFN 214launches a query to the advertisement servers 226, 228 to select atleast one advertisement most relevant to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108by accessing a profile of the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 stored withinthe at least one database 242. At step 618, at least one advertisementmost relevant to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is selected in order tobe presented to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108. The advertisement servers226, 228 store a plurality of advertisements that may be presented tothe caller 102, 104, 106, 108. The type of advertisements can becontrolled to a highly specific degree. For example, if a caller 102,104, 106, 108 places a call to the free DAS 112 and is interested inobtaining the number for a pizza restaurant, a plurality ofadvertisement for pizza specials in the caller's locality may bepresented.

At step 620, the at least one selected advertisement is presented to thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 along with the listing. In some embodiments,the listing may be presented to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 via, forexample, a recorded announcement, a text message, an e-mail message, orany other suitable means. At step 622, it is determined if the caller102, 104, 106, 108 has selected the at least one advertisement presentedto the caller 102, 104, 106, 108.

If it is determined at step 622 that the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 hasnot selected at least one of the at least one advertisement, the process600 proceeds to step 626. At step 626, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 isconnected to number corresponding to the listing request. However, if itis determined at step 622 that the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 hasselected at least one of the at least one advertisement presented, thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 is connected at step 624, for example, to thebusiness running the at least one selected advertisement. The process600 proceeds from steps 624 and 626 to step 628. At step 628, the callerprofile is updated and the process ends at step 652.

If it is determined at step 612 that the speech recognition system 224has failed to recognize the listing request, the process 600 proceeds tostep 630. If it is determined at step 613 that the listing correspondingto the listing request is unavailable, the process 600 proceeds to step630. At step 630, it is determined if future preferences for the caller102, 104, 106, 108 exist within the CDC 310 of the chargeable OSS 114.The preferences may be, for example, permission granted by the caller102, 104, 106, 108 in a previous directory-assistance call toautomatically redirect a directory-assistance call between the free DAS112 and the chargeable OSS 114 without permission from the caller 102,104, 106, 108 every time the free DAS 112 is unable to recognize thelisting request or if the listing corresponding to the listing requestis unavailable. If it is determined at step 630 that future preferencesfor the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 exist, the process 600 proceeds tostep 638. At step 638, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is connected to thechargeable OSS 114. At step 640, automation circuitry 303 of thechargeable OSS 114 communicates with the VFN 214 of the free DAS 112 toobtain the listing request information as provided by the VFN 214.

At step 642, it is determined if the listing request obtained from theVFN 214 is recognized. If it is determined at step 642 that the listingrequest obtained from the VFN 214 is not recognized, the process 600proceeds to step 643. At step 643, the automation circuitry 303 of thechargeable OSS 114 determines if a recorded caller's listing requestresponse is available. If it is determined at step 643 that no recordedcaller response is available, the process 600 proceeds to step 644. Atstep 644, the automation circuitry 303 of the chargeable OSS 114 promptsthe caller 102, 104, 106, 108 for a listing request and the process 600proceeds to step 646. If it is determined at step 643 that the recordedcaller response obtained from the VFN 214 is available, the process 600proceeds to step 646. At step 646, a live directory-assistance operatordetermines the listing corresponding to the listing request and theprocess 600 proceeds to step 648.

However, if it is determined at step 642 that the listing requestinformation obtained from the VFN 214 is recognized, the process 600proceeds to step 646. At step 646, the live directory-assistanceoperator determines the listing request and the process 600 proceeds tostep 648. At step 648, the listing corresponding to the listing requestis presented to the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 and the process 600proceeds to step 650. At step 650, the caller is charged a fee for usingthe chargeable OS S 114. In a typical embodiment, the charges forutilizing the chargeable OSS 114 are initiated by the telecommunicationsnetwork at a standard billing rate. According to some embodiments, thedirectory-assistance based redirecting system 100 rather than thetelecommunications network generates a billing record or debits thecaller's account to charge for the directory-assistance call.

From step 650, the process 600 proceeds to step 626, at which step thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 is connected to a number corresponding to thelisting request. The process 600 proceeds from step 626 to step 628. Atstep 628, the caller profile is updated and the process ends at step652.

However, if it is determined at step 630 that future preferences for thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 do not exist, the process 600 proceeds to step631. At step 631, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is asked whether thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 is interested in being transferred to achargeable operator service system (OSS) 114. At step 632, it isdetermined whether the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 has opted to betransferred to the chargeable OSS 114. If it is determined at step 632that the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 has not opted to be transferred tothe chargeable OSS 114, the process 600 ends at step 652. However, if itis determined at step 632 that the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 has optedto be transferred to the chargeable OSS 114, the process 600 proceeds tostep 634.

In a typical embodiment, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 may opt ordecline transfer to the chargeable OSS 114 via, for example, keying aknown DTMF sequence of digits, saying a key-word, answering to a prompt,or any other suitable means.

At step 634, it is determined if the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 has optedto store preferences for the future. The preferences may be, forexample, permission granted by the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 toautomatically redirect a directory-assistance call between the free DAS112 to the chargeable OSS 114 without asking the caller 102, 104, 106,108 for permission every time the free DAS 112 is unable to recognizethe listing request or if the listing corresponding to the listingrequest is unavailable. If it is determined at step 634 that the caller102, 104, 106, 108 gives permission to store preferences for futuredirectory-assistance calls, the process proceed to step 636. At step636, caller preferences are stored for future directory-assistance callsand the process 600 proceeds to step 638. However, if it is determinedat step 634 that the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 declines permission tostore preferences for future directory-assistance calls, the processproceed to step 638.

At step 638, the caller 102, 104, 106, 108 is connected to thechargeable OSS 114. At step 640, automation circuitry 303 of thechargeable OSS 114 communicates with the VFN 214 of the free DAS 112 toobtain the listing request information as provided by the VFN 214. Atstep 642, it is determined if the listing request obtained from the VFN214 is recognized. If it is determined at step 642 that the listingrequest obtained from the VFN 214 is not recognized, the process 600proceeds to step 643. At step 643, the automation circuitry 303 of thechargeable OSS 114 determines if a recorded caller's listing requestresponse is available. If it is determined at step 643 that no recordedcaller response is available, the process 600 proceeds to step 644. Atstep 644, the automation circuitry 303 of the chargeable OSS 114 promptsthe caller 102, 104, 106, 108 for a listing request and the process 600proceeds to step 646. If it is determined at step 643 that the recordedcaller response obtained from the VFN 214 is available, the process 600proceeds to step 646. At step 646, a live directory-assistance operatordetermines the listing corresponding to the listing request and theprocess 600 proceeds to step 648.

However, if it is determined at step 642 that the listing requestobtained from the VFN 214 is recognized, the process 600 proceeds tostep 646. At step 646, the live directory-assistance operator determinesthe listing request and the process 600 proceeds to step 648. At step648, the listing corresponding to the listing request is presented tothe caller 102, 104, 106, 108 and the process 600 proceeds to step 650.At step 650, the caller is charged a fee for using the chargeable OSS114. In a typical embodiment, the charges for utilizing the chargeableOSS 114 are initiated by the telecommunications network at a standardbilling rate. According to some embodiments, the directory-assistancebased redirecting system 100 rather than the telecommunications networkgenerates a billing record or debits the caller's account to charge forthe directory-assistance call.

From step 650, the process 600 proceeds to step 626, at which step thecaller 102, 104, 106, 108 is connected to a number corresponding to thelisting request. The process 600 proceeds from step 626 to step 628. Atstep 628, the caller profile is updated and the process ends at step652.

It should be noted that the term “directory-assistance” refers to aphone service used to determine a specific wireline or wirelesstelephone number and/or address of a residence or business. The term“directory-assistance call” refers to a call made to determine aspecific wireline or wireless telephone number and/or address of aresidence or business. The directory-assistance call may come from, forexample, a wireline telephone, a wireless (cellular) telephone, a VOIP(Internet) telephone, a Satellite telephone, or a personal computer. Theterm “listing” refers to a specific wireline or wireless telephonenumber and/or address of a residence or business.

Those having skill in the art will appreciate that the method and systemas disclosed is not limited to directory-assistance calls and can beimplemented on calls placed by callers requesting other information suchas, for example, movie listings, movie times, insurance information, andthe like. Principles of the invention may be applied to any automatedsystem that permits callers to obtain information therefrom.

Although various embodiments of the method and system of the presentinvention have been illustrated in the accompanying Drawings anddescribed in the foregoing Detailed Description, it will be understoodthat the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed, but iscapable of numerous rearrangements, modifications and substitutionswithout departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth herein.

1. A method of redirecting a directory-assistance call, the methodcomprising: receiving a directory-assistance request from a caller;determining via a free directory-assistance service whether informationcorresponding to the directory-assistance request is available;responsive to a determination that the information is available,presenting, to the caller, the information free of charge to the caller;responsive to a determination that the information is not available,redirecting the directory-assistance call to a chargeabledirectory-assistance service; prior to the step of presenting theinformation free of charge to the caller, presenting to the caller atleast one advertisement from a plurality of advertisements in anintelligent manner; wherein the step of presenting to the caller the atleast one advertisement comprises: determining call attributes of thedirectory-assistance call; accessing, utilizing at least some of thecall attributes, a profile of the caller; selecting at least oneadvertisement from the plurality of advertisements based, at least inpart, on the profile of the caller; and presenting, to the caller, theat least one selected advertisement.
 2. The method of claim 1,comprising charging the caller for utilizing the chargeabledirectory-assistance service.
 3. The method of claim 2, comprisingpresenting, via the chargeable directory-assistance service, theinformation to the caller.
 4. The method of claim 1, comprising, priorto the step of presenting, via the chargeable directory-assistanceservice, the information to the caller, forwarding at least a portion ofthe directory-assistance request to the chargeable directory-assistanceservice.
 5. The method of claim 3, comprising, prior to the step ofpresenting, via the chargeable directory-assistance service, theinformation to the caller, the chargeable directory-assistance servicerequesting the caller to provide the directory-assistance request. 6.The method according to claim 1, comprising, responsive to adetermination that the information is not available, presenting to thecaller an option of accepting or denying redirection of thedirectory-assistance call to the chargeable directory-assistanceservice; and responsive to acceptance of the redirection, performing theredirecting step.
 7. The method of claim 6, comprising, responsive todenial by the caller of the redirection, terminating thedirectory-assistance call.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein thedirectory-assistance request comprises a request for a listing.
 9. Themethod of claim 8, wherein the listing is for a wireless telephone. 10.An article of manufacture for redirecting a directory-assistance call,the article of manufacture comprising: at least one computer readablemedium; processor instructions contained on the at least one computerreadable medium, the processor instructions configured to be readablefrom the at least one computer readable medium by at least one processorand thereby cause the at least one processor to operate as to performthe following steps: receiving a directory-assistance request from acaller; determining via a free directory-assistance service whetherinformation corresponding to the directory-assistance request isavailable; responsive to a determination that the information isavailable, presenting, to the caller, the information free of charge tothe caller; responsive to a determination that the information is notavailable, redirecting the directory-assistance call to a chargeabledirectory-assistance service prior to the step of presenting theinformation free of charge to the caller, presenting to the caller atleast one advertisement from a plurality of advertisements in anintelligent manner; wherein the step of presenting to the caller the atleast one advertisement comprises: determining call attributes of thedirectory-assistance call; accessing, utilizing at least some of thecall attributes, a profile of the caller: selecting at least oneadvertisement from the plurality of advertisements based, at least inpart, on the profile of the caller; and presenting, to the caller, theat least one selected advertisement.
 11. The article of manufacture ofclaim 10, wherein the processor instructions are configured to cause theat least one processor to operate as to perform the following step:charging the caller for utilizing the chargeable operatordirectory-assistance service.
 12. The article of manufacture of claim11, wherein the processor instructions are configured to cause the atleast one processor to operate as to perform the following step:presenting, via the chargeable directory-assistance service, theinformation to the caller.
 13. The article of manufacture of claim 10,wherein the processor instructions are configured to cause the at leastone processor to operate as to perform the following step: forwarding atleast a portion of the directory-assistance request to the chargeabledirectory-assistance service prior to presenting, via the chargeabledirectory-assistance service, the information to the caller.
 14. Thearticle of manufacture of claim 12, wherein the processor instructionsare configured to cause the at least one processor to operate as toperform the following step: requesting the caller to provide thedirectory-assistance request prior to presenting, via the chargeabledirectory-assistance service, the information to the caller.
 15. Thearticle of manufacture of claim 10, wherein the processor instructionsare configured to cause the at least one processor to operate as toperform the following steps: responsive to a determination that theinformation is not available, presenting to the caller an option ofaccepting or denying redirection of the directory-assistance call to thechargeable directory-assistance service; and responsive to acceptance ofthe redirection, performing the redirection.
 16. The article ofmanufacture of claim 15, wherein the processor instructions areconfigured to cause the at least one processor to operate as to performthe following step: terminating the directory-assistance call responsiveto denial by the caller of the redirection.
 17. The article ofmanufacture of claim 10, wherein the directory-assistance requestcomprises a request for a listing.
 18. The article of manufacture ofclaim 17, wherein the listing is for a wireless telephone.
 19. Adirectory-assistance call redirecting system comprising: a freedirectory-assistance system adapted to determine whether informationcorresponding to a directory-assistance request is available andpresent, to the caller, the information free of charge to the callerresponsive to a determination that the information is available; achargeable operator directory-assistance system interoperably coupled tothe free directory-assistance system and adapted to present, to thecaller, the information responsive to a determination by the freedirectory-assistance system that the information is not available;wherein prior to presenting the information free of charge to thecaller, the free directory-assistance system is adapted to: determinecall attributes of the directory-assistance call; access, utilizing atleast some of the call attributes, a profile of the caller; select atleast one advertisement from the plurality of advertisements based, atleast in part, on the profile of the caller; and present, to the caller,the at least one selected advertisement.
 20. The system according toclaim 19, wherein the free directory-assistance system comprises: acentral processing unit (CPU) having a network interface; a telephonyinterface adapted to interact with the caller; a voice feature node(VFN) adapted to prompt the caller for a listing; a caller-profilecircuitry adapted to store the profiles for the caller; a call screeningcircuitry (CSC) adapted to determine the call attributes; and aplurality of advertisement servers adapted to store the plurality ofadvertisements.
 21. The system according to claim 20, wherein the callattributes comprise a caller name, a caller phone number, a callerlocation, and a time of the directory-assistance call.
 22. The systemaccording to claim 19, wherein: the free directory-assistance system isadapted to present, to the caller, an option of accepting or denyingredirection of the directory-assistance call to the chargeable operatordirectory-assistance system responsive to a determination that theinformation is not available; and the free directory-assistance systemis adapted to redirect the directory-assistance call to the chargeableoperator directory-assistance system responsive to acceptance of theredirection.
 23. The system according to claim 22, wherein the freedirectory-assistance system is adapted to terminate thedirectory-assistance call responsive to denial by the caller of theredirection.
 24. The system according to claim 19, wherein thedirectory-assistance request comprises a request for a listing.
 25. Thesystem according to claim 24, wherein the listing is for a wirelesstelephone.
 26. The system according to claim 19, wherein the chargeableoperator directory-assistance system comprises: a switching andsignaling component adapted to interact with the caller; an automationcircuitry adapted to automate a transferred directory-assistance calland prompt the caller for a listing; a call data circuitry (CDC) adaptedto store preferences for the caller; at least one directory-assistanceoperator; and a data link adapted to form a communications path betweenthe free directory-assistance system and the chargeable operatordirectory-assistance system.
 27. The system according to claim 26,wherein the preferences comprise permission granted by the caller toautomatically redirect the directory-assistance call between the freedirectory-assistance system and the chargeable operatordirectory-assistance system.
 28. The system according to claim 26,wherein the automation circuitry is further adapted to determine ifautomated directory assistance is appropriate or whether the directoryassistance should be handled by the at least one directory-assistanceoperator.
 29. The system according to claim 19, wherein the chargeableoperator directory-assistance system is adapted to charge the caller forutilizing the chargeable operator directory-assistance system.